Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation What is Hydrogenation? Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which hydrogen (H₂) is added to another substance, usually in the presence of a catalyst . In simple terms: It converts unsaturated compounds → saturated compounds by adding hydrogen. Basic Reaction R − C H = C H − R ′ + H 2 → Ni/Pt/Pd R − C H 2 − C H 2 − R ′ R-CH=CH-R' + H_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Ni/Pt/Pd}} R-CH_2-CH_2-R' R − C H = C H − R ′ + H 2 Ni/Pt/Pd R − C H 2 − C H 2 − R ′ Double bond (C=C) breaks Hydrogen atoms attach to carbon atoms Types of Hydrogenation 1. Catalytic Hydrogenation Uses catalysts like: Nickel (Ni) Platinum (Pt) Palladium (Pd) Most common type Example: Ethene → Ethane 2. Partial Hydrogenation Only some double bonds are hydrogenated Used in food industry Can form harmful trans fats 3. Complete Hydrogenation All double/triple bonds are saturated Produces fully saturated compounds Conditions Required Hydrogen gas...